Spreading Mulch Warning

Spreading Mulch Warning

Wear Gloves!

Spreading mulch on your garden beads, not only improves soil health, it helps conserves water, and enhances your landscape appearance. It acts as a protective barrier that reduces evaporation, blocks weeds, and balances root temperatures. However, when applying mulch to your garden beds, there are a few safety concerns to consider.

In late May and early June there are often deals to be had on bags or bulk truck loads of mulch. Typically the inexpensive mulch found at your local garden center is made from recycled wood waste (such as chipped pallets or scrap wood) that is tinted to give it a uniform color. While inexpensive brands of mulch are cost effective, they may not have undergone the same level of screening that more premium brands undertake.

On occasion you may find a stray piece of plastic or other foreign objects as you lay the mulch on your garden beds. What you may not anticipate is finding sharp pieces of broken glass in your mulch like I did yesterday.

We recommend wearing heavy duty work gloves while spreading mulch. The gloves will help protect your hands and also keep your hands from becoming stained by the mulches dyes.


Visit our Materials Calculator to get an approximate idea of how much mulch you will need.


Reasons to mulch:

Soil and Plant Health

  • Moisture retention: Mulch blocks sun and wind to slow down water evaporation.
  • Temperature regulation: It keeps roots cooler during hot summers and insulates against winter freezes.
  • Nutrient replenishment: Decomposing organic mulch feeds beneficial soil microbes and deposits nutrients back into the dirt.
  • Erosion prevention: The layer absorbs the impact of heavy rain droplets to stop topsoil from washing away.
  • Disease reduction: It stops muddy water from splashing soil-borne pathogens onto plant foliage.

Garden Maintenance

  • Weed suppression: A dense layer blocks sunlight from reaching weed seeds, stopping germination.
  • Less watering: Improved water retention means spending less time and money on irrigation.
  • Equipment barrier: It creates a designated perimeter that protects trees and shrubs from mower and string trimmer damage.

Aesthetic Value

  • Curb appeal: Fresh mulch immediately makes plant beds and borders look clean, neat, and professional.
  • Visual contrast: The dark, uniform texture highlights the vibrant colors of flowers and green foliage.

Can I compost this?

Can I compost this? Citrus? Shrimp shells? Corks? Stink bugs? Whether or not to put these unusual items on your compost heap.

Can I Compost Wine Corks?

Can I compost wine corks?

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Yes!
You can compost wine corks—but only if they’re natural cork (from the bark of cork oak trees). These are 100% biodegradable, carbon-rich "browns" that add great long-term structure and nutrients to your pile as they slowly break down.

Natural vs. Synthetic

Natural corks — Look and feel like real wood/bark: lightweight, porous, crumbly when cut, with a natural grain. Slice one open—if it’s uniform light tan/brown throughout and smells woody, it’s natural and compostable.
Synthetic corks — Made of plastic, foam, or silicone (common in cheaper wines): smooth, uniform color (often bright white/yellow), feel rubbery/plasticky, and don’t crumble. Do not compost these—they won’t break down and could release microplastics. Trash them or upcycle (crafts, bulletin boards, etc.).

Composting Best Practices

Prep them — Cork is tough and naturally water-resistant (that’s why it seals bottles!), so whole corks can take months to years to fully decompose in a backyard pile.

To speed things up:
Chop, slice, or grind them.
Bury pieces in the center of the pile and mix with other browns (leaves, shredded paper) and greens (kitchen scraps) for balance. This prevents them from just sitting there.

Corks

I don’t compost corks because they’re useful for other things like backdrops for shelves.

Cheers! 🍷

Can I Compost teabags?

Can I compost teabags?

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Possibly not.

As of March 2026, while a number of prominent tea manufactures have moved away from non-compostable tea-bags, some have moved to polylactic-acic (PLA) bioplastics, which can be composted but require the high heat of an industrial facility and won’t break down in most home composters piles.

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable, bio-based thermoplastic derived from materials like corn starch, sugarcane, or tapioca.

Beyond the compostability of the teabags there is also the concern that bioplastic teabags potentially release nanoplastic particles into your cup while the tea is steeping and into the ground when breaking down like traditional polypropylene plastics do.

Compostable by an industrial facility
These brands have reported that they use PLA materials in their teabags and are compostable by professional services.
Barry’s Irish Tea
Bigelow Tea
Lyons Tea
Taylors of Harrogate Tea
Taylors Yorkshire Tea

Home Compostable
These brands have reported their teabags are 100% plastic free and compostable.
Bromley Tea
Prince of Peace Tea
Pukka Tea
Republic of Tea
Stash Tea
Traditional Medicinals Tea
Twinings Tea
Yogi Tea

Not Compostable
Most surprisingly, the company most American’s would associate with all natural teas, Celestial Seasonings uses plastic in their teabags (food-grade polypropylene plastic fibers derived from fossil fuels).
Celestial Seasonings Tea
Lipton Tea
Tetley Tea

Can I Compost Stink Bugs?

Can I compost stink bugs?

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Yes!
Stink bugs are perfectly fine to add to a compost heap in small to moderate quantities. They’re 100% natural organic material—mostly chitin exoskeleton and proteins—so they break down just like any other dead insect, contributing nitrogen and becoming part of the nutrient cycle.

  • Insects are a normal part of healthy compost: Decomposers (bacteria, fungi, worms, etc.) routinely process dead bugs in soil and piles. They add minor nutrients (like nitrogen) and don’t introduce pathogens harmful to compost or plants when dead.
  • Bury them in the pile: Toss dead ones into the center or mix them under a layer of browns (leaves, shredded paper, etc.) to speed breakdown and prevent any temporary odor or attraction of flies/scavengers.
  • Keep quantities small: A handful here and there is no problem. If you’re vacuuming up dozens during an invasion, add them gradually rather than dumping a big batch at once—too many at once could create a temporary “hot spot” or slight stink as they break down (though nothing like live ones spraying).
  • Method: If they died naturally, or you used soap/water or vacuumed them up, there are no residue issues. Avoid composting bugs killed with pesticides or chemical sprays, as those could harm beneficial compost organisms (e.g., worms or microbes).
Can I Compost Yankee Caps

Can I compost a Yankee cap?

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No!
Alas, as a Blue Jays fan, I’d love to compost Yankee caps but like most modern baseball caps, including the Official New Era Yankees caps, they are usually made from:

  • Polyester (often the primary fabric, especially in performance or modern versions—sometimes 100% polyester or high blends).
  • Cotton twill (in some relaxed or “Clean Up” styles from brands like ’47, often have 100% cotton or high cotton content still have synthetic components hidden in seams, linings, or the brim reinforcement).
  • Cotton-polyester blends (e.g., 40% cotton / 60% polyester in some models).
  • with other elements like: Plastic snaps/buttons (on adjustable backs), synthetic threading, embroidered logos (with plastic-like stabilizers or threads), foam/viscose in the bill (stiffener), and sometimes metal eyelets or tags.

Why It Won’t Compost Well:

  • Polyester and synthetics are basically plastic—they don’t biodegrade in a home compost pile (or even most industrial ones). They can persist for hundreds of years, potentially releasing microplastics into your finished compost/soil.
  • Non-natural additives (dyes, treatments, glues, or stiffeners) may not break down and could introduce unwanted chemicals.
  • Even if mostly cotton, the synthetic bits contaminate the pile—best practice is “when in doubt, leave it out” for clothing/textiles in home composting.

Pure 100% natural-fiber items (like undyed cotton rags with no blends/synthetics) can go in compost, but that’s rare for mass-produced hats.

Can I Compost Citrus Fruit?

Can I compost Citrus fruit?

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Yes!
You can indead compost citrus fruit (oranges, lemons, limes, grapefruits, etc.—including peels, whole fruit, or scraps) in a home compost heap. It’s a common myth that you shouldn’t, but that’s largely debunked by gardeners, composting experts, and extension services.

The old concerns were:

  • Too acidic — Citrus is acidic when fresh, but in a balanced compost pile, the pH neutralizes quickly as microbes break it down. It won’t make your finished compost overly acidic unless citrus is the overwhelming majority of what you’re adding (which is unlikely in a normal kitchen/yard setup).
  • Harmful to worms — The oils (like limonene in peels) can irritate composting worms (especially red wigglers in vermicompost bins) if added in huge amounts, making them avoid the area or slow down. But in a regular outdoor pile, earthworms can just move away temporarily if needed, and the pile still decomposes fine. Worms usually join later in the process anyway, after initial breakdown.
  • Slow to break down — Peels are tough and waxy, so they take longer than softer scraps (months instead of weeks), but they do eventually decompose fully.

Best practices:

  • Chop or shred peels into smaller pieces—this speeds things up a lot.
  • Mix well — Bury citrus scraps in the center of the pile under layers of “browns” (leaves, shredded paper, cardboard) to balance the “green” nitrogen from the fruit and prevent any temporary smell or mold.
  • Moderate amounts — A few peels or a couple of fruits here and there? Totally fine. If you’re juicing a ton, add them gradually and turn the pile to aerate and heat it up.
  • Hot vs. cold composting — In a hot, active pile (turned regularly), citrus breaks down faster. In a slower cold pile (common in colder NY winters), it still works but takes longer—freeze-thaw cycles actually help by breaking down cell walls over time.
  • Pest deterrent bonus — The strong citrus smell can actually help repel some rodents or flies from raiding the pile.

If you’re using a worm bin (vermicomposting) indoors, though, go easy on citrus—small amounts only, or skip it to keep the worms happy.

Can I Compost Shrimp Shells?

Can I compost Shrimp Shells?

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Yes!
Not sure I would add them to my compost heap, but yes, you can compost shrimp shells (including heads, tails, and bodies) in a backyard compost heap—they’re a great organic addition that breaks down over time and provides valuable nutrients like nitrogen, calcium, and chitin (which can benefit soil health and even help suppress some plant pests/pathogens as it decomposes).

Shrimp shells are considered a "green" material (nitrogen-rich), similar to kitchen scraps or grass clippings, and they fit well into balanced compost piles. They add nitrogen for microbial activity and calcium/chitin that enriches finished compost (chitin promotes beneficial fungi and can improve soil structure).

Potential Downsides
The main concerns are temporary odor (fishy smell during initial breakdown) and attracting pests (flies, rodents, raccoons, or neighborhood animals).

To minimize problems
Bury them deep — Dig a hole or trench in the center of your pile, add the shells, mix with existing material, and cover with a thick layer of "browns" (leaves, shredded paper, cardboard, straw) to absorb moisture/odors and block access.
Crush or chop them — Break shells into smaller pieces (use a hammer, rolling pin in a bag, or food processor/blender for dried ones) to speed decomposition (whole shells can take months to years).
Pre-treat if possible — Rinse off any sauces/butter first. Some folks boil shells briefly (20–30 minutes) to reduce smell and kill bacteria, then dry them (sun-dry or oven) until crisp before adding—this makes them less attractive to pests and easier to crush.
Add in moderation — A handful or two at a time is ideal; avoid dumping large quantities all at once, as that can create a smelly, anaerobic spot.
Balance the pile — Mix with plenty of carbon-rich browns and turn/aerate regularly to keep it hot and active (heat helps break down faster and reduces odors).
Pest-proof your setup — If rodents are an issue, use a enclosed bin/tumbler with a secure lid, or bury shells extra deep (12+ inches). Avoid leaving exposed scraps on top.

Walnuts

Can I compost Walnuts?

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Well…technically Yes,
A number of state extensions and other experts say that walnuts, even black walnut tree materials can be composted as long as the heap reaches a high internal temperature and the material is in the heap for at least six months.

Walnut trees (especially Black Walnut trees) contain a chemical called juglone that can adversely affect a number of garden plants including tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, rhubarb, columbine and others.

Butternut, pecan, hickory, and English walnut trees also contain the compound but in smaller amounts.

Our recommendation would be to use caution. There are plenty of other materials to compost, so why fiddle with walnuts?

Can you compost a curling stone?

Can I compost a Curling stone?

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ah…No!
Did you really have to click to reveal this? It’s made of flippin’ granite!

No, you cannot compost a curling stone because it is made of granite, typically sourced from Ailsa Craig in Scotland., not organic matter. Compost is for material that breaks down, and while the rock won’t harm your compost pile, it will not decompose, even over several thousand years. As a rock, it is inorganic material and will remain in your compost pile unchanged.

Marmite

Can I compost Marmite?

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Yes,
You can compost Marmite — in small amounts, it should break down just fine in a home compost pile.

Marmite is basically a concentrated yeast extract (from brewer’s yeast), mixed with salt, some vegetable extracts, and spices. Yeast and its byproducts are organic and fully biodegradable:

Plain yeast (or spent brewer’s yeast) is routinely added to compost piles or used as a compost activator/fertilizer by homebrewers and gardeners — it provides nitrogen and feeds the microbes that do the decomposing work. The main "issue" is the high salt content. Too much salt at once can temporarily harm soil microbes or make the compost a bit saline if you add large quantities.

Suggested Use:

  • Scrape small leftover amounts (e.g., residue from a jar, a spoonful or two into your compost — it will disappear quickly.
  • Mix it in well with other materials (greens like veggie scraps + browns like leaves/cardboard) to dilute the salt.
  • Avoid dumping a whole jar or large volumes at once — that much salt could slow things down or attract unwanted attention from animals (though Marmite’s strong smell might actually deter some pests rather than attract them).
  • If your compost is a bokashi system or worm bin (vermicomposting), go very light or skip it — worms can be sensitive to high salt.

People even use tiny bits of yeast extract spreads like Marmite or Vegemite diluted in water as a quick microbial boost for compost teas or as a plant fertilizer in some gardening circles.

A bit of Marmite in the compost? Totally fine and even mildly beneficial.
A whole jar? Would be a waste of lovely marmite! It would be better to avoid or dilute heavily first.

Poinsettia Care

Poinsettia Care

Keep your poinsettias looking good through Christmas!

Our poinsettia care tips that will help keep your plants looking festive for months to come.

As many poinsettias are purchased at grocery stores and home improvement centers, they may not have been receiving the best of care since leaving the greenhouses where they were raised.

Poinsettia Bud

When selecting a poinsettia, try to find a plant with tight greenish flower buds. If the buds have turned yellow and have separated, the plant has likely been blooming for a while and may not be at its peak for Christmas.

The small bud clusters known as cyathia, are the actual flowers of a poinsettia, the brightly colored leaves are called bracts.

If the plant’s foil wrapping is in the way, pull it back and look at the lower leaves. If they are yellowing or appear close to dropping off, select a different plant.

The poinsettias I recently saw at a nearby Tops supermarket were literally floating in their decorative foil wrappings due to over watering.

Once you have your plant home, its best to either remove any foil wrappings or to poke holes in the foil covering the bottom of the pot to allow for drainage.

Poinsettias prefer consistent light watering. They don’t like sitting in water but they really don’t like being left to dry out.

Poke the top of the soil with your finger every few days. If it the soil feels dry to the touch, give the plant a light watering. If your poinsettia has been placed on a saucer, tip out any excess water that accumulates.

It can’t hurt to mist your plants every few days to provide a bit of humidity.

Poinsettias are native to Mexico so they prefer as many hours of sunlight a day as possible. While poinsettias can tolerate full sun, indirect light is preferred. They enjoy temperatures between 65 and 70°F but not warmer.

Avoid placing your poinsettia in drafty locations, near frequently opened doorways, or in contact with icy windows. Just to make things more difficult, heating vents, wood burning stoves, and other heat sources should also be avoided.

50°F is about the lowest temperature poinsettias can tolerate, so when bringing your plants home from the store be sure to cover them before bringing them out into the cold air.

Even though the stockings, ornaments, and inflatable grinches will be packed away, your poinsettia can remain a bright accent in your home for months to come.

Fertilize your poinsettia about once a month. I use Sea Magic Seaweed fertilizer on all my houseplants.

By late February or early March, if your plant begins to drop leaves and is looking a little worse for wear, cut the plants flowering stems back to about 6 inches in length to promote new growth.

If all is going well, just prior to the start of summer, repot your poinsettia into a container 2″-3″ larger.

During the summer, place your poinsettia on a nice sunny porch or similar location, as your plant will benefit from the outdoor humidity.

With any luck you will have a healthy but green bracted poinsettia.

In order for poinsettias to achieve that familiar bright red color, they need darkness, at least 12-14 hours of absolute, uninterrupted darkness every night. Even the briefest flash of light can interfere with the process.

September 10th is the optimal date to begin the photoperiodic induction process in order to have a bright red poinsettia by Christmas.

During the day, the plant will still require bright light for about 8-10 hours to stay healthy.

Most commercial growers produce their hybrid poinsettias from stem cuttings, but it is possible to grow poinsettias from seed but they rarely resemble their parent. Seeds also require a period of cold-stratification for the seeds to germinate.

Enjoy your poinettias!

Merry Christmas from all of us here at Shortmeadows.

Planting Garlic

Planting Garlic

With the warmer weather we’ve been having there’s still time to plant garlic for next year.

For our northern climate, hardneck garlic is preferable. Plant in an area that receives full sun and has well drained rich loamy soil. Separate the cloves just prior to planting. Make sure not to peel them as the skins can help prevent rot. Plant each clove approximately 2 to 3 inches deep, root side down and pointed tip up. Space each clove about 6 inches apart. We add several handfuls of compost to the bottom of each hole. That’s it until spring!

Quickies

Ask Zoe

Short answers to some of your recent questions

Hi Zoe,

I’ve had a wisteria growing in my garden for close to 7 years now, and it still hasn’t flowered. Any guesses?

Marty C.

Hi Marty,
Despite the 7 years, in many cases the wisteria plant is still too young to flower. Grafted wisteria plants will flower much sooner than wisteria grown from seed. It’s usually best to buy a wisteria plant when its flowering to avoid endless annual anticipation.

Other issues could be a lack of sunlight (Wisteria loves to sunbathe!), poor soil health, or improper pruning.

Hope it flowers soon!

Hi Zoe,

Can I grow a new clematis from cuttings?

Cynthia H.

Hi Cynthia,
Yes! Select a a stem in with healthy new growth, cut it just below a leave node preserving one leaf and about a 3 to 4 inch of stem.

Brush a small amount of rooting hormone on the lower end of the cutting. Prepare a small pot with damp, sandy potting soil.

Using a pencil or similar, create a vertical hole in the soil deep enough to accommodate your stem. Place the stem in the soil and cover the pot with a plastic sandwich bag. Place in indirect sunlight, keeping the soil damp, but not too wet.

Allow the cutting to overwinter in a protected area below 40 degrees. With any luck, you’ll be planting your new clematis in the garden come spring.

Happy Growing!

Zoe,

Can you recommend a zero-turn lawn mower?

Carol J.

Hi Carol,
I could…but it would be utterly pointless as I don’t own one.

Zoe,

Is it too late to plant poppies?

Mary R.

Hi Mary,
Unfortunately, June is likely a bit late to be planting poppies. Poppies need at least a couple weeks of cold in order to germinate. Most garden centers don’t carry perennial varieties until the fall. I’d suggest waiting until then. Annual seeds can be scattered on top of the soil in late fall or early spring. Perennials will benefit from over wintering in your garden.

Hi Zoe,

Where do you buy your plants?

Renee M.

Hi Renee,
It’s always a pleasure to explore our local garden centers. In Webster I’m fond of Bauman’s, but if I’m on the road I seldom miss a chance to stop at the Garden Factory or Sara’s in Brockport.

Have a question? Ask Zoe.

Yellowing Tomato Leaves

Ask Zoe

Hi Zoe,

Why are the lower leaves on my tomato plants turning yellow? I’ve been growing tomatoes for years and don’t remember my tomatoes ever doing this.

Yvonne T.

Hi Yvonne,
Given the current warm weather and recent May-June rains, its possible the yellowing could be a result of overly saturated soil.

That said, its not uncommon for the lower leaves of tomato plants to naturally yellow as plant resources are directed toward new growth.


In a more typical, less rainy spring, yellowing lower leaves on your tomato plants could be due to several common issues.

Yellowing Tomato Leaves

Possible Causes

Natural Aging:

  • Reason: Lower leaves naturally yellow and drop as the plant matures, redirecting energy to fruit production. This is normal, especially mid-season (June).
  • Check: If only the oldest, bottom leaves are affected and the plant looks healthy otherwise (green upper leaves, fruit setting), it’s likely not a problem.
  • Action: Trim yellow leaves with clean shears to improve airflow, but don’t overdo it—remove no more than 1/3 of foliage.

Watering Issues:

  • Overwatering: Excess moisture from recent rains or overzealous watering can cause root rot, leading to yellowing. Tomatoes prefer consistent moisture but dislike soggy soil.
  • Underwatering: Dry spells between rains can stress plants, causing lower leaves to yellow first.
  • Check: Soil should be moist 1–2 inches deep but not waterlogged. Test by sticking a finger in—if it’s soggy or bone-dry, adjust.
  • Action: Water 1–2 inches per week if rain is insufficient, ensuring good drainage (e.g., raised bed edges). Mulch with straw or black mulch to retain moisture.

Nutrient Deficiency:

  • Nitrogen: Lack of nitrogen causes yellowing, starting at lower leaves, as it’s pulled upward for new growth.
  • Check: Pale yellow leaves with stunted growth suggest nitrogen deficiency. Soil test kits (available at Garden Factory) can confirm.
  • Action: Apply a balanced fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10) or compost. Avoid over-fertilizing, which can burn roots.

Disease:

  • Early Blight: Common in humid climates like Webster, this fungal issue (Alternaria solani) causes yellowing with brown spots and concentric rings on lower leaves.
  • Fusarium or Verticillium Wilt: These fungal diseases block water uptake, yellowing leaves and wilting stems. Look for wilting despite moist soil.
  • Check: Inspect for spots or wilting. Early blight thrives in wet foliage; wilts show vascular browning if stems are cut.
  • Action: Remove affected leaves (bag and discard, don’t compost). Use fungicide (e.g., copper-based) if severe, and space plants 2–3 ft apart for airflow. Rotate crops next year.

Pests:

  • Aphids or Whiteflies: These can suck sap, weakening leaves and causing yellowing.
  • Check: Look under leaves for tiny bugs or sticky residue.
  • Action: Spray with neem oil or insecticidal soap. Encourage ladybugs or lacewings.

Here in Webster

  • Weather: Recent rains may have oversaturated soil, especially if drainage is poor. Check your bed’s slope or add organic matter to improve it.
  • Soil: Webster’s clay-heavy soil can retain too much water, exacerbating root issues. Mixing in sand or compost could help.

Next Steps

  • Prioritize: Start with watering and aging checks—most likely culprits. If persistent, inspect for disease or pests.
  • Monitor: Yellowing should stabilize with proper care. If it spreads upward or includes wilting, suspect disease.
  • Prevention: Stake plants to lift foliage, reducing soil contact and disease risk.

Hope this helps!
Zoe

Have a question? Ask Zoe.

Growing Tomatoes

Growing Tomatoes

Growing Tomatoes

Growing tomatoes in Webster, NY (Zone 6a) requires attention to climate, soil, and timing! Tomatoes thrive in warm weather, with at least 6–8 hours of sun, well-drained soil, and consistent care. Here are our suggestions to maximize your harvest.

1. Timing and Starting

  • Start Date: Mid-May is ideal for planting tomatoes in Webster. The last frost is typically early May (around May 5–10), and soil temperatures should be above 60°F (check with a soil thermometer). Nighttime temps should consistently be above 50°F, which they likely are by May 15.
  • Transplants vs. Seeds: In May, use transplants (4–6-week-old seedlings) for a faster harvest. If you haven’t started your seeds, by May its too late in the season (they’re better started indoors in March). Buy healthy, stocky plants (6–10 inches tall) from a local nursery. Look for varieties suited to Zone 6a.

2. Choosing Varieties

  • Determinate vs. Indeterminate:
    Determinate tomato plants grow to a fixed size, they resemble more a bush than a vine and produce most of their fruit over a short period of time. They are preferred for canning and small spaces.
    Indeterminate tomato plants grow continuously and producing fruit all season. They resemble vines and requiring significant support. They are great for fresh eating throughout the summer.
  • For a small space, try 1–2 indeterminate plants (like Sungold for snacking) and 1 determinate (like Early Girl for a quick harvest).

See popular local varieties below

3. Site and Soil Prep

  • Location: Pick a sunny spot with 6–8 hours of direct sun.
  • Soil:
  • Type: Tomatoes need well-drained, loamy soil with pH 6.0–6.8 (test with a kit; adjust with lime to raise pH or sulfur to lower).
  • Amendments: Mix in 2–3 inches of compost or aged manure to boost fertility. Webster’s clay-heavy soil benefits from adding perlite or sand for drainage.
  • Spacing: Plant your tomato plants 2–3 ft apart (e.g., 2 ft for Sungold, 3 ft for Big Beef) to allow air circulation and reduce disease.

4. Planting

  • Depth: Dig a deep hole or trench (8–10 inches). Strip lower leaves and plant so only the top 2–4 inches of the stem are above ground—roots will form along the buried stem, making the plant sturdier.
  • Support: Install stakes, cages, or trellises at planting time (avoid damaging roots later). Indeterminate varieties like Sungold need a 5–6 ft stake or cage. Determinate ones like Early Girl can use a 4 ft cage.
  • Companion Planting: Tomatoes pair well with marigolds (repel pests) or basil (improves flavor, deters insects). Plant these nearby but avoid overcrowding.

5. Care and Maintenance

  • Watering: Water deeply (1–2 inches per week) at the base, not overhead, to prevent fungal diseases like blight. Keep soil consistently moist but not soggy. Mulch with 2 inches of straw or shredded bark to retain moisture and keep soil temperature stable.
  • Fertilizing:
  • At planting: Add a balanced fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10) or compost tea.
  • During growth: Side-dress with a high-phosphorus fertilizer (e.g., 5-10-10) when flowers form, then every 3–4 weeks. Avoid high-nitrogen fertilizers after flowering—they promote leaves over fruit.
  • Pruning: For indeterminate varieties, pinch off suckers (small shoots between the main stem and branches) to focus energy on fruit. Leave determinate varieties unpruned.
  • Pest/Disease:
  • Common pests in Webster: Aphids, hornworms. Hand-pick hornworms; use insecticidal soap for aphids.
  • Diseases: Early blight (brown spots on leaves) is common in humid summers. Use drip irrigation, ensure good air circulation, and apply a copper-based fungicide if needed.
  • Deer: If deer are an issue, use netting or plant deer-repellent marigolds nearby.

6. Harvest and Timing

  • When: Harvest starts ~60–80 days from planting (mid-July to early August for Early Girl, late August for Big Beef). Pick when fruits are fully colored and slightly soft to the touch.
  • Frost Protection: First frost in Webster is ~October 5–15. Cover plants with row covers or bring potted tomatoes indoors if frost threatens before harvest is done.
  • Yield: Expect 5–10 lbs per plant for determinate varieties, 10–15 lbs for indeterminate, depending on care and weather.

Growing Tomatoes in Webster

  • Weather: July–August can hit 85°F with humidity. Mulch heavily and water in the morning to prevent leaf scorch.
  • Nurseries: Most garden centers have tomato transplants in the spring. Many also sell cages and organic fertilizers.
  • Community: Cornell Cooperative Extension of Monroe County offers free tomato-growing workshops—check their website or call (585-461-1000).

Timeline

  • May 13–15: Buy transplants, prep soil, plant, install supports.
  • June: Water, fertilize, prune suckers, monitor pests.
  • July–August: Harvest begins (Early Girl first). Keep watering, fertilizing.
  • September–October: Harvest until frost, protect plants if needed.

With any luck you will have an abundant tomato harvest by late summer.

Planting Dahlias

With their stunning and long lasting blooms, Dahlias are a stunning addition to any garden. The middle of May is prime planting time for dahlias, as the last frost has passed (typically early May in Webster), and soil temperatures are above 60°F—perfect for these tender perennials.

1. Planting

  • Timing: Plant now (mid-May) to ensure blooms by late summer (July–September). Dahlias need warm soil (60°F+), and nighttime temps should stay above 50°F, which they are in Webster this time of year.
  • Starting: Use tubers (not seeds) for faster results. Look for firm tubers with visible “eyes” (growth points).
  • Soil: Dahlias need well-drained, loamy soil (pH 6.5–7.0). Webster’s clay-heavy soil benefits from mixing in compost and sand or perlite. Dig a hole 6–8 inches deep, lay the tuber horizontally with the eye facing up, and cover with 2 inches of soil. As the sprout grows, gradually fill the hole.
  • Spacing: Space tubers 1–2 ft apart (1 ft for dwarfs, 2 ft for larger varieties). Plant 1–2 tubers to avoid overcrowding.

2. Watering and Feeding

  • Watering: Keep soil consistently moist but not soggy—about 1 inch per week. Water at the base to avoid wetting leaves, reducing powdery mildew risk (common in Webster’s humid summers). Once established, dahlias are somewhat drought-tolerant but don’t let them dry out completely.
  • Mulching: Add 2 inches of straw or shredded bark mulch to retain moisture and keep soil cool. Keep mulch away from stems to prevent rot.
  • Fertilizing:
  • At planting: Mix in a low-nitrogen fertilizer (e.g., 5-10-10) to promote blooms over foliage.
  • Monthly: Side-dress with a balanced fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10) or compost tea until blooming starts (July). Too much nitrogen causes leafy growth at the expense of flowers.

3. Support and Pruning

  • Staking: Most dahlias (except dwarfs) need support, as stems can snap in summer storms. Install a 4–6 ft stake or cage at planting time. Tie stems loosely with garden twine as they grow.
  • Pinching: When plants reach 12–18 inches tall (around June), pinch the top growth above the fourth set of leaves. This encourages bushier growth and more blooms.
  • Deadheading: Remove spent flowers weekly to promote continuous blooming through September. Cut back to the nearest set of leaves.

4. Pest and Disease Management

  • Slugs: Slugs love tender dahlia shoots. Use your grapefruit traps near dahlias, and add a ring of diatomaceous earth around the base. Hand-pick at dusk if needed.
  • Other Pests: Watch for aphids (spray with insecticidal soap) and spider mites (increase humidity, use neem oil). Japanese beetles may appear in July—hand-pick or use row covers.
  • Diseases: Powdery mildew thrives in humid conditions. Ensure good air circulation (don’t overcrowd), and apply a sulfur-based fungicide if needed. Avoid overhead watering.

5. Overwintering in Webster

  • Frost Timing: Dahlias are tender and won’t survive Webster’s winter (lows to -10°F). First frost hits ~October 5–15.
  • Digging Tubers: After frost blackens foliage, cut stems to 4 inches, dig up tubers, and brush off soil (don’t wash). Dry them for 1–2 days in a garage or shed.
  • Storage: Store tubers in a box with peat moss, vermiculite, or sawdust at 40–50°F (e.g., a cool basement). Check monthly for rot; mist lightly if they shrivel. Replant next May.

6. Local Tips

  • Weather: May is rainy (3–4 inches average). Ensure good drainage to prevent tuber rot. July–August heat (80–85°F) will boost growth if you keep soil moist.
  • Community: Cornell Cooperative Extension of Monroe County (585-461-1000) can provide soil testing to optimize your dahlia bed.

Quick Timeline

  • May 14: Plant tubers, stake, water well.
  • June: Pinch tops, fertilize, monitor slugs.
  • July–September: Deadhead, water, enjoy blooms.
  • October: Dig and store tubers after frost.

Spring Planting

Planting Dates for Spring

The estimated last frost date for Webster, NY is May 7th.

Late-Season Risk: Frost is possible through early May; 10% chance of frost after May 12. Plant tender plants (tomatoes, peppers) around May 17-31.

CropStart Seeds IndoorsPlant Seedlings or TransplantsStart Seeds Outdoors
Arugula~~April 19-May 3
Basil March 7-22May 7-24~
Beets~~April 19-May 10
Bell PeppersFebruary 21-March 7May 10-24~
BroccoliMarch 7-22April 5-26~
Cabbage March 7-22April 5-19~
Cantaloupes April 5-12May 17-31~
Carrots~~March 29-April 12
Cauliflower March 7-22April 5-26~
Celery February 21-March 7May 10-24~
Chives~~April 5-12
Cilantro/Coriander~~May 7-17
Corn~~May 7-17
Cucumbers April 5-12 May 17-31~
Dill~~March 29-April 12
Eggplants March 7-22 March 7-18 May 17-31~
Green Beans~~May 10-31
Kale March 7-22 March 7-18April 5-26~
Kohlrabi March 22-April 5April 12-19~
Lettuce March 22-April 5April 19-May 17~
Onions~~April 5-26
Oregano February 21-March 22May 7-24~
Parsley~~April 5-19
Parsnips~~April 12-May 3
Peas~~March 22-April 12
Peppers (Hot)February 14 – March 1May 17-31~
Peppers (Sweet)March 1 – March 7May 17-31~
Potatoes~~April 26-May 17
Pumpkins April 12-26May 17-31~
Radishes~~March 7-29
RosemaryFebruary 21-March 7May 10-31~
SageMarch 7-22May 7-17~
Spinach~~ March 22-April 12
Sweet PotatoesApril 5-12May 17-31~
Swiss ChardMarch 22-April 5 April 12-19~
ThymeFebruary 21-March 22May 7-24~
TomatoesMarch 7-22May 17-31~
Turnips~~April 5-26
WatermelonsApril 5-12May 17-31~
ZucchiniApril 5-19May 17-31~